New concepts, in turn, allows a re-evaluation of Hemingway'sĪttitudes toward wounds and masculinity. The Sun Also Rises articulates ideas currently debated within theįield of disability studies, especially those related to the concept of People with physical and mental impairments. Psychology, pseudoscience, and medicine to impact the daily lives of On the ways cultural stereotypes intersect with the realms of myth, Understanding of this kind of fetishism, as part of its wider research
The rapidly expandingįield of disability studies has done much to create a fuller Out partners with amputations others, however, are aroused by simplyĪssociating with disabled people (Bruno 1-10). There exists today, for instance, a large community of devotees who seek Researchers call a "devotee"-a species of fetishist whoseĮrotic desires are triggered by the sight of people with disabilities. Englefield could, for instance, have been what disability Triggered by arguments over seeing Hemingway's "woundsĭressed" it also serves as the young writer's introduction toĪ wider range of beliefs specifically tied to sexuality and disability. If, however, Englefield's lapse of sexual decorum was indeed His fascination with "effeminate" men and "boyish" (This is arguably trueĮven in Eby's case, where Hemingway's hair fetish is tied to Signified through a socially constructed gender. Within a familiar spectrum of either homosexual or heterosexual behavior Interest in sexual variety, these readings do not stray far beyondīinarism themselves, ultimately situating Hemingway's fascination The idea of erotic variations and help to move him past thinking about Critics such as Eby and ElliotĬoncur that such an incident would heighten Hemingway's interest in To Hemingway's awareness of sexual behaviors not acknowledged by This incident has been interpreted as contributing in a general way I explained to him that I was not that way and that heĬouldn't come to the hospital anymore and that I couldn't take his At the time Iĭidn't know well-brought-up people were like that. "got wet about wanting to see my wounds dressed. Englefield in an acid sketch in a letter to aįriend. Of bringing him gifts-everything from eau de cologne to the London Twenty years," had adopted him, visited him often, made a practice Englefield, who had been "younger sonning it in Italy for about Englefield, "an Englishman in his fifties, brother to one of Quoting from the writer's correspondence,īiographer James Mellow reports that not long after Hemingway'sĪrrival at the hospital in Milan, "one of newly-acquiredįriends proved to be a problem" (70). Helped cement connections between disability and moral/physicalīreakdown in his mind. Minor incident during Hemingway's recuperation in Italy may have In addition to this body-obsessed cultural milieu, a seemingly Particularly intense fears about "degeneration." (1) United States combined to make the war-wounded body a site for Nies, in turn, describes how similarįinancial concerns and the popularization of eugenic theories in the Helped to re-energize debates over which veterans "deserved"Ĭharity and which did not (63-75). Sensitized Britain to the literal costs of war-related disability and Bourke, for instance, notes that an increase of pension claims More than "in the air" for a wounded man returning fromĮurope. Nies suggests that this fear would have been World War I makes it difficult to assess his level of anxiety overĭegeneration through disability. Of persona-building that Hemingway engaged in after being wounded in REYNOLDS and others have noted, the intense campaign Pathologizes any impairment and compels disabled people to continuallyĪS MICHAEL S. Rehabilitation is a "medical model" of disability that Than a personal problem one of the biggest obstacles to Jake's
Hemingway's awareness that cultural narratives make disability more Stereotypes about disabled men, including the notion that Jake may Previous interpretations that treatīarnes's trauma realistically still tend to reinforce traditional This essay re-evaluates the character of Jake Barnes from aĭisability studies perspective.
#OPENIN SCENE OF THE SUN ALSO RISES FREE#
MLA style: "Life unworthy of life? Masculinity, disability, and guilt in The Sun Also Rises." The Free Library.